These calculations require high bandwidth and low latency, and access data using irregular patterns. "Over time, applications requiring more complex computations have become more common. "Linpack measures the speed and efficiency of linear equation calculations," according to a statement Wednesday announcing the new benchmark, called the High Performance Conjugate Gradient (HPCG). Linpack has been used to rank the systems since the first Top500 list was published in 1993, but it's no longer an indicator of real application performance, Dongarra said. The current leader is the Tianhe-2, developed by China's National University of Defense Technology. The Top500 list is published twice a year, in June and November, and is closely watched as vendors and nations seek bragging rights for who has the fastest system.
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